IP (Internet Protocol) Address

1. Definition

  • a unique numeric label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the IP for communication.
  • two primary functions:
    • identifying a host or network interface
    • providing the location of the host in the network topology

2. Types of IP Addresses

2.1. IPv4

  • Consists of 32 bits.
  • Forms over 4.3 billion unique addresses.
  • Format: four octets separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

2.2. IPv6

  • Developed due to the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses.
  • Consists of 128 bits.
  • Can support about 340 undecillion addresses.
  • Format: eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).

2.3. IPv5 Lore

3. Static vs. Dynamic IP Addresses

4. IP-related Concepts and Connections

4.1. DNS (Domain Name System)

  • Translates human-readable domain names to IP addresses.

4.2. IP Subnetting

  • Divides a large network into smaller, manageable segments.

4.3. NAT (Network Address Translation)

  • Allows multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address.
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